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Denmark–Norway (Danish and Norwegian: '; (ドイツ語:Dänemark–Norwegen)) is a former political entity consisting of the united kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, including overseas Norwegian dependencies of Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and the Northern Isles. The once extensive and influential Kingdom of Norway was devastated by the Black Death to a greater extent than Denmark and Sweden, forcing Norway into personal union with Denmark and ultimately forming the Kalmar Union with Sweden. Following the departure of Sweden from the Kalmar Union and its subsequent dissolution, in 1524 Denmark and Norway entered into a personal union under Danish hegemony, due to Norway's weakened position after The Plague. In 1536 the kingdom of Norway was formally integrated into Denmark, and as a consequence its Council of the Realm was abolished. However, Norway continued to have separate institutions and its own laws. The union's most important political institutions and monumental palaces were built in Denmark, strategically in order to restrain Norway from rising to great power as possessed during the Viking Age. Norway was re-established as a kingdom in 1660 after the introduction of absolutism. The personal union of the two kingdoms lasted until 1814,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Denmark )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Norway )〕 when the victorious powers of the Napoleonic wars forced the king of Denmark-Norway to cede Norway to Sweden; Norway however resisted the attempt, but was forced to accept another personal union with Sweden on relatively equal terms after a short war with no winner. The Dano-Norwegian union had a lasting impact on Norway which maintained its cultural ties with Denmark. Denmark had purposely made Copenhagen the capital of the union in order to strengthen Denmark, and weaken Norway, throughout the union as upon its dissolution, making Denmark able to rob Norway of its medieval colonies in 1814. Norway throughout its union with Sweden used the Danish written language which descended from Old East Norse, as opposed to Classical Norwegian or Old West Norse, the legacy of which is present through the Icelandic Sagas as one of the classical European languages and literary works along with Latin and Ancient Greek. Old West Norse in a relatively well-preserved form is also the official language of the modern-day nations Iceland and the Faroe Islands. The corresponding adjective and demonym is "Dano-Norwegian". ==Usage and extent== The term Kingdom of Denmark or just Denmark is sometimes used to include both countries in the period, since the political and economic power emanated from the Danish capital of Copenhagen. That power developed during the union based both on Danish noblemen and on wealthy Norwegians who attended the University, and were considered Danish because of their education and etiquette. These terms cover the "royal part" of the Oldenburgs as it was in 1460, excluding the "ducal part" of Schleswig and Holstein. The administration used two official languages, Danish and German, and for several centuries both a Danish and German Chancery existed.〔(Rigsarkivets Samlinger. Arkivalier før 1848. Danske kancelli 1454–1848 ); (Rigsarkivets Samlinger. Arkivalier før 1848. Tyske kancelli ).〕 The term ''Denmark–Norway'' reflects the historical and legal roots of the union. It is adopted from the Oldenburg dynasty's official title. The kings always used the style "King of Denmark and Norway, the Wends and the Goths". Denmark and Norway, sometimes referred to as the "twin-realms" of Denmark–Norway, officially had separate legal codes and currencies, as well as mostly separate governing institutions, although following the introduction of absolutism in 1660 the centralisation of government meant a concentration of institutions in Copenhagen. The centralisation received great support in many parts of Norway, where the Swedish two-year attempt to control Trøndelag resulted in massive losses and a catastrophic failure for the Swedes, allowing Norway to further secure itself militarily for the future through closer ties with the capital Copenhagen. The term ''Sweden–Finland'' is sometimes, although with less justification, applied to the contemporary Swedish realm between 1521 and 1809. Finland was never a separate kingdom, and was completely integrated with Sweden, while Denmark was the dominant component in a personal union. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Denmark–Norway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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